The Effects of DEET vs a Natural Repellant
Is DEET safe?
The Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices
of Cornell University states that "Everglades National Park
employees having extensive DEET exposure were more likely to have
insomnia, mood disturbances and impaired cognitive function than
were lesser exposed co-workers".
When used as directed, products containing between 10% to 30% DEET
have been found by The American Academy of Pediatrics to be safe to
use on children as well as adults but recommends that DEET not be
used on infants less than two months old.
Recently, DEET has been found to inhibit the activity of a central
nervous system
enzyme,
acetyl cholinesterase, in both insects and mammals.
This enzyme is involved in the
hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thus playing a
role in the function of the neurons which control muscles. Because
of this property, many insecticides are used to block
acetylcholinesterase, which leads to an excessive accumulation of
acetylcholine at the synaptic cleft, causing neuromuscular paralysis
and death by asphyxiation.[16]
DEET is commonly used in combination with insecticides and has the
capacity to strengthen the toxicity of carbamates,[17]
a class of insecticides known to block acetylcholinesterase. These
findings bring evidence that, besides having known toxic effects on
the olfactory system, DEET also acts on the brain of insects, and
that its toxicity is strengthened in combination with other
insecticides.
As a precaution, manufacturers advise that DEET products should not
be used under clothing or on damaged skin, and that preparations be
washed off after they are no longer needed or between applications.[12]
DEET can act as an irritant;[4]
in rare cases, it may cause skin reactions.
In the DEET Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED), the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported 14 to 46
cases of potential DEET-associated seizures, including 4 deaths. The
EPA states: "... it does appear that some cases are likely related
to DEET toxicity," but observed that with 30% of the US population
using DEET, the likely seizure rate is only about one per 100
million users.
The Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices
of Cornell University states that "Everglades National Park
employees having extensive DEET exposure were more likely to have
insomnia, mood disturbances and impaired cognitive function than
were lesser exposed co-workers".
When used as directed, products containing between 10% to 30% DEET
have been found by The American Academy of Pediatrics to be safe to
use on children as well as adults but recommends that DEET not be
used on infants less than two months old.
Recently, DEET has been found to inhibit the activity of a central
nervous system enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, in both insects and
mammals. This enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thus playing a role in the function
of the neurons which control muscles. Because of this property, many
insecticides are used to block acetylcholinesterase, which leads to
an excessive accumulation of acetylcholine at the synaptic cleft,
causing neuromuscular paralysis and death by asphyxiation.[16]
DEET is commonly used in combination with insecticides and has the
capacity to strengthen the toxicity of carbamates,[17]
a class of insecticides known to block acetylcholinesterase. These
findings bring evidence that, besides having known toxic effects on
the olfactory system, DEET also acts on the brain of insects, and
that its toxicity is strengthened in combination with other
insecticides.,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, abbreviated DEET, is a
slightly yellow oil. It is the most common active ingredient in
insect repellents. It is intended to be applied to the skin or to
clothing, and is primarily used to repel mosquitoes. In particular,
DEET protects against
tick bites, preventing several rickettsioses, tick-borne
meningoencephalitis and other tick-borne diseases such as Lyme
disease. It also protects against mosquito bites which can transmit
dengue fever, West Nile virus, eastern equine encephalitis, and
malaria.
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